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Green Plains Reports Second Quarter 2025 Financial Results

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Results for the Second Quarter of 2025 and Future Outlook:

  • EPS of $(1.09) per diluted share, inclusive of non-cash charges of $44.9 million, compared to $(0.38) per diluted share, for the same period in the prior year
  • Carbon capture infrastructure equipment delivered and construction progressing, keeping the project on track for start-up early in the fourth quarter of 2025
  • Decarbonization strategy anticipated to exceed prior guidance with additional opportunities available
  • Delivered benefits from the transition of ethanol marketing to Eco-Energy, LLC including greater than $50 million improvement in working capital, delivering scale, optimizing value and improving supply chain efficiencies
  • Achieved strong utilization in the quarter from the nine operating ethanol plants of 99%
  • Extended the maturity on its $127.5 million Mezzanine notes
  • Executing disciplined risk management strategy to lock in favorable margins and positive cash flow for the third quarter

OMAHA, Neb.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Green Plains Inc. (NASDAQ:GPRE) (“Green Plains� or the “company�) today announced financial results for the second quarter of 2025. Net loss attributable to the company was $72.2 million, or $(1.09) per diluted share, compared to net loss attributable to the company of $24.4 million, or ($0.38) per diluted share, for the same period in 2024. The results for the quarter include $44.9 million in non-cash charges primarily related to the sale of non-core assets and an equity method investment, as well as impairments of equipment and assets held for sale. The company also incurred $2.5 million in restructuring costs related to its ongoing transformation initiatives. Revenues were $552.8 million for the second quarter of 2025 compared with $618.8 million for the same period last year. Adjusted EBITDA was $16.4 million compared with $5.0 million for the same period in the prior year.

“We executed several key initiatives this quarter to sustain reliable, safe operations, improve efficiencies and enhance our operating performance by rigorous management of our most critical metrics,� said Michelle Mapes, Interim Principal Executive Officer. “By exiting non-core assets and activities and focusing on our platform, we’ve streamlined the business and sharpened execution. Our team delivered strong results with 99% utilization across the operating platform, demonstrating the success of the structural improvements made available by our operational excellence initiatives. With the cost reductions implemented during the first half of the year, we are on pace to exceed the $50 million in annualized savings target. This new expense base positions us to exit the year � and enter 2026 � as a leaner, more agile company. Our improved cost efficiency enables stronger earnings leverage from higher ethanol margins, firming corn oil prices, growing export demand, and a constructive corn crop outlook. With construction of our carbon capture project nearing completion, we’re well positioned to drive more dollars to the bottom line in the second half and beyond."

“Recent favorable federal government policy decisions have reinforced our strategy to produce low-CI feedstocks and fuels,� added Mapes. “Demand for our low-CI corn oil, a preferred feedstock into renewable diesel, remains strong. Construction of the carbon compression infrastructure at our Nebraska facilities is progressing on schedule and we remain on track to begin carbon sequestration early in the fourth quarter. The extension of the 45Z Clean Fuel Production Credit through 2029, the removal of the indirect land use change penalty, and the ring fencing of North American feedstocks provides critical policy support and long-term validation of our carbon reduction strategy, upgrading the consistent earnings power of our platform.�

“We took meaningful steps during the quarter to improve our financial position, including reducing working capital investments with our Eco-Energy marketing arrangement, monetizing non-core assets, lowering expenses, and finalizing financing agreements to align with our strategic goals,� added Phil Boggs, Chief Financial Officer. “Extending the maturity of our near-term debt enhances flexibility as we work toward the execution of our decarbonization initiatives. We remain focused on operating safely, driving efficiency, managing costs, and strengthening our balance sheet to position the company for sustained financial performance.�

Highlights and Recent Developments

  • Completed the sale of our 50% investment in GP Turnkey Tharaldson LLC as of June 30, 2025, for $25 million
  • On August 10, 2025, the company executed an amendment to extend the maturity of its $127.5 million Mezzanine note facility to September 15, 2026

Results of Operations

Green Plains� ethanol production segment sold 193.6 million gallons of ethanol during the second quarter of 2025, compared with 208.5 million gallons for the same period in 2024. The consolidated ethanol crush margin was $26.3 million for the second quarter of 2025 inclusive of the sale of accumulated RINs of $22.6 million, compared with ethanol crush margin of $22.7 million for the same period in 2024. The consolidated ethanol crush margin is the ethanol production segment’s operating income, which includes renewable corn oil and Ultra-High Protein, before depreciation and amortization, and impairment of assets held for sale, plus marketing and agribusiness fees, nonrecurring decommissioning costs, and nonethanol operating activities.

Consolidated revenues decreased $66.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared with the same period in 2024, primarily driven by our agribusiness and energy services segment as a result of the company ceasing a third-party ethanol marketing agreement with Tharaldson Ethanol Plant I LLC.

Net loss attributable to Green Plains increased $47.9 million primarily due to a loss on sale of assets and equity method investment of $31.0 million and an impairment of assets held for sale of $10.7 million. Adjusted EBITDA increased $11.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared with the same period last year due to a change in operating strategy and the sale of accumulated RINs partially offset by weaker margins in our ethanol production segment. Interest expense increased $6.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared with the same period in 2024 primarily due to amortization of loan fees related to the issuance and modification of warrants in conjunction with access to a short-term line of credit and an amendment on our Junior Notes as well as decreased capitalized interest. Income tax expense was $2.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared with income tax benefit of $0.3 million for the same period in 2024, primarily due to an increase in the valuation allowance recorded against certain deferred tax assets related to gains (losses) on derivatives.

Segment Information

The company reports the financial and operating performance for the following two operating segments: (1) ethanol production, which includes the production, storage and transportation of ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein and renewable corn oil and (2) agribusiness and energy services, which includes grain handling and storage, commodity marketing and merchant trading for company-produced and third-party ethanol, distillers grains, Ultra-High Protein, renewable corn oil, natural gas and other commodities.

GREEN PLAINS INC.

SEGMENT OPERATIONS

(unaudited, in thousands)

Three Months Ended

June 30,

Six Months Ended

June 30,

2025

2024

% Var.

2025

2024

% Var.

Revenues

Ethanol production

$

527,153

$

525,443

0.3%

$

1,024,925

$

1,031,102

(0.6)%

Agribusiness and energy services

31,531

100,949

(68.8)

141,360

199,945

(29.3)

Intersegment eliminations

(5,855

)

(7,567

)

(22.6)

(11,941

)

(15,008

)

(20.4)

$

552,829

$

618,825

(10.7)%

$

1,154,344

$

1,216,039

(5.1)%

Gross margin

Ethanol production (1) (2)

$

33,490

$

30,390

10.2%

$

27,798

$

27,747

0.2%

Agribusiness and energy services

8,080

7,433

8.7

16,811

18,443

(8.8)

$

41,570

$

37,823

9.9%

$

44,609

$

46,190

(3.4)%

Depreciation and amortization

Ethanol production

$

22,918

$

20,544

11.6%

$

43,953

$

41,078

7.0%

Agribusiness and energy services (3)

3,860

497

*

4,458

1,002

*

Corporate activities

782

543

44.0

1,536

991

55.0

$

27,560

$

21,584

27.7%

$

49,947

$

43,071

16.0%

Operating income (loss)

Ethanol production (1) (2) (4)

$

(12,218

)

$

(2,213

)

*

$

(51,768

)

$

(35,866

)

44.3%

Agribusiness and energy services (3)

849

2,166

(60.8)

3,282

8,170

(59.8)

Corporate activities (5) (6)

(16,994

)

(17,664

)

(3.8)

(42,137

)

(34,904

)

20.7

$

(28,363

)

$

(17,711

)

60.1%

$

(90,623

)

$

(62,600

)

44.8%

Adjusted EBITDA

Ethanol production (1) (2) (4)

$

8,992

$

17,952

(49.9)%

$

(10,424

)

$

4,331

*

Agribusiness and energy services

5,028

3,045

65.1

8,184

10,101

(19.0)%

Corporate activities (7)

(42,903

)

(16,230

)

164.3

(68,149

)

(31,185

)

118.5

EBITDA

(28,883

)

4,767

*

(70,389

)

(16,753

)

*

Restructuring costs

2,520

*

19,106

*

Loss on sale of assets

4,044

*

4,044

*

Impairment of assets held for sale

10,724

*

10,724

*

Loss on sale of equity method investment

26,987

*

26,987

*

Proportional share of EBITDA adjustments to equity method investees

1,050

271

*

1,828

316

*

$

16,442

$

5,038

*

$

(7,700

)

$

(16,437

)

(53.2)%

(1) Ethanol production includes an inventory lower of cost or net realizable value adjustment of $2.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

(2) Ethanol production includes margins from a one-time sale of accumulated RINs of $22.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

(3) Depreciation and amortization for agribusiness and energy services includes impairment of property and equipment of $3.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

(4) Ethanol production includes impairment of assets held for sale of $10.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

(5) Corporate activities includes $1.7 million and $12.0 million of restructuring costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 as a result of the company's cost reduction initiative, including severance related to the departure of its former CEO.

(6) Corporate activities include a pretax loss on sale of assets of $4.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

(7) Corporate activities include a pretax loss on sale of assets of $4.0 million and a pretax loss on sale of equity method investment for $27.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

* Percentage variances not considered meaningful

GREEN PLAINS INC.

SELECTED OPERATING DATA

(unaudited, in thousands)

Three Months Ended

June 30,

Six Months Ended

June 30,

2025

2024

% Var.

2025

2024

% Var.

Ethanol production

Ethanol (gallons)

193,571

208,483

(7.2)%

388,899

416,387

(6.6)%

Distillers grains (equivalent dried tons)

413

463

(10.8)

830

932

(10.9)

Ultra-High Protein (tons)

66

65

1.5

134

125

7.2

Renewable corn oil (pounds)

65,231

73,630

(11.4)

129,494

140,351

(7.7)

Corn consumed (bushels)

65,312

71,819

(9.1)

131,576

143,093

(8.0)

Agribusiness and energy services (1)

Ethanol (gallons)

225,703

261,461

(13.7)

481,424

518,732

(7.2)

(1) Includes gallons from the ethanol production segment.

GREEN PLAINS INC.

CONSOLIDATED CRUSH MARGIN

(unaudited, in thousands)

Three Months Ended

June 30,

2025

2024

Ethanol production operating loss (1)

$

(12,218

)

$

(2,213

)

Depreciation and amortization

22,918

20,544

Impairment of assets held for sale

10,724

Adjusted ethanol production operating income

21,424

18,331

Intercompany fees and nonethanol operating activities, net (2)

4,862

4,327

Consolidated ethanol crush margin

$

26,286

$

22,658

(1) Ethanol production includes margins from a one-time sale of accumulated RINs of $22.6 million and an inventory lower of cost or net realizable value adjustment of $2.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025.

(2) Includes ($1.0) million and $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, for certain nonrecurring decommissioning costs and nonethanol operating activities.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2025, Green Plains had $152.7 million in total cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, and $258.5 million available under our committed revolving credit agreement, subject to restrictions or other lending conditions based specifically on the availability of sufficient eligible collateral to support additional borrowings, in addition to $30.0 million available under our line of credit with Ancora, which expired on July 30, 2025. Total corporate liquidity consisting of unrestricted cash, distributable cash from subsidiaries and Ancora credit facility availability was $93.3 million as of June 30, 2025. Total debt outstanding at June 30, 2025 was $508.2 million, including $80.1 million outstanding debt under working capital revolvers and other short-term borrowing arrangements.

Conference Call Information

On August 11, 2025, Green Plains Inc. will host a conference call at 9 a.m. Eastern time (8 a.m. Central time) to discuss second quarter 2025 operating results. Domestic and international participants can access the conference call by dialing 888.210.4215 and 646.960.0269, respectively, and referencing conference ID 5027523. Participants are advised to call at least 10 minutes prior to the start time. Alternatively, the conference call and presentation will be accessible on Green Plains� website .

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Management uses EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, segment EBITDA and consolidated ethanol crush margins to measure the company’s financial performance and to internally manage its businesses. EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization excluding the change in right-of-use assets and debt issuance costs. Adjusted EBITDA includes adjustments related to restructuring costs, loss on sale of assets, impairment of assets held for sale and equity method investment and our proportional share of EBITDA adjustments of our equity method investees. Management believes these measures provide useful information to investors for comparison with peer and other companies. These measures should not be considered alternatives to net income or segment operating income, which are determined in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP�). These non-GAAP calculations may vary from company to company. Accordingly, the company’s computation of adjusted EBITDA, segment EBITDA and consolidated ethanol crush margins may not be comparable with similarly titled measures of another company.

About Green Plains Inc.

Green Plains Inc. (NASDAQ:GPRE) is a leading biorefining company focused on the development and utilization of fermentation, agricultural and biological technologies in the processing of annually renewable crops into sustainable value-added ingredients. This includes the production of cleaner low carbon biofuels and renewable feedstocks for advanced biofuels. Green Plains is an innovative producer of Sequence� and novel ingredients for animal and aquaculture diets to help satisfy a growing global appetite for sustainable protein. For more information, visit .

Forward-Looking Statements

All statements in this press release (and oral statements made regarding the subjects of this communication), including those that express a belief, expectation or intention, may be considered forward-looking statements (as defined in Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended, and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from projected results. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, forward-looking statements contained in this communication include statements relying on a number of assumptions concerning future events and are subject to a number of uncertainties and factors, many of which are outside the control of the company, which could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. The forward-looking statements may include, but are not limited to the expected future growth, dividends and distributions; and plans and objectives of management for future operations. Forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as “believe,� “intend,� “expect,� “may,� “should,� “will,� “anticipate,� “could,� “estimate,� “plan,� “predict,� “project� and variations of these words or similar expressions (or the negative versions of such words or expressions). While the company believes that the assumptions concerning future events are reasonable, it cautions that there are inherent difficulties in predicting certain important factors that could impact the future performance or results of its business. Among the factors that could cause results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements are: the failure to realize the anticipated results from the new products being developed; the failure to realize the anticipated costs savings or other benefits of the merger; local, regional and national economic conditions and the impact they may have on the company and its customers; disruption caused by health epidemics, such as the COVID-19 outbreak; conditions in the ethanol and biofuels industry, including a sustained decrease in the level of supply or demand for ethanol and biofuels or a sustained decrease in the price of ethanol or biofuels; competition in the ethanol industry and other industries in which we operate; commodity market risks, including those that may result from weather conditions; the financial condition of the company’s customers; any non-performance by customers of their contractual obligations; changes in safety, health, environmental and other governmental policy and regulation, including changes to tax laws such as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act; risks related to acquisition and disposition activities and achieving anticipated results; risks associated with merchant trading; risks related to our equity method investees; the results of any reviews, investigations or other proceedings by government authorities; and the performance of the company.

The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. The forward-looking statements in this press release speak only as of the date they are made and the company assumes no obligation and does not intend to update or revise these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by securities and other applicable laws. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and assumptions about future events. While the company’s management considers these expectations and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory and other risks, contingencies and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond the company’s control. These risks, contingencies and uncertainties relate to, among other matters, the risks and uncertainties set forth in the “Risk Factors� section of the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC�), and any subsequent reports filed by the company with the SEC. These filings identify and address other important risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events and results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements.

GREEN PLAINS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands)

June 30,
2025

December 31,
2024

(unaudited)

ASSETS

Current assets

Cash and cash equivalents

$

108,624

$

173,041

Restricted cash

44,096

36,354

Accounts receivable, net

78,473

94,901

Inventories

156,411

227,444

Other current assets

48,602

37,292

Total current assets

436,206

569,032

Property and equipment, net

1,066,983

1,042,460

Operating lease right-of-use assets

63,235

72,161

Other assets

46,092

98,521

Total assets

$

1,612,516

$

1,782,174

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Current liabilities

Accounts payable

$

98,836

$

154,817

Accrued and other liabilities

44,412

53,712

Derivative financial instruments

11,312

9,500

Operating lease current liabilities

23,101

24,711

Product financing arrangement

37,146

Short-term notes payable and other borrowings

80,064

140,829

Current maturities of long-term debt

2,125

2,118

Total current liabilities

296,996

385,687

Long-term debt

426,002

432,460

Operating lease long-term liabilities

41,872

49,190

Carbon equipment liabilities

82,008

17,918

Other liabilities

25,206

22,382

Total liabilities

872,084

907,637

Stockholders' equity

Total Green Plains stockholders' equity

735,180

865,215

Noncontrolling interests

5,252

9,322

Total stockholders' equity

740,432

874,537

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

$

1,612,516

$

1,782,174

GREEN PLAINS INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited, in thousands except per share amounts)

Three Months Ended
June 30,

Six Months Ended
June 30,

2025

2024

2025

2024

Revenues

$

552,829

$

618,825

$

1,154,344

$

1,216,039

Costs and expenses

Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation and amortization expenses reflected below)

511,259

581,002

1,109,735

1,169,849

Selling, general and administrative expenses

27,605

33,950

70,517

65,719

Loss on sale of assets

4,044

4,044

Depreciation and amortization expenses

27,560

21,584

49,947

43,071

Impairment of assets held for sale

10,724

10,724

Total costs and expenses

581,192

636,536

1,244,967

1,278,639

Operating loss

(28,363

)

(17,711

)

(90,623

)

(62,600

)

Other income (expense)

Interest income

634

1,490

1,637

4,000

Interest expense

(13,899

)

(7,494

)

(22,812

)

(15,280

)

Other, net

(39

)

345

(1,554

)

794

Total other income (expense)

(13,304

)

(5,659

)

(22,729

)

(10,486

)

Loss before income taxes and loss from equity method investees

(41,667

)

(23,370

)

(113,352

)

(73,086

)

Income tax benefit (expense)

(2,294

)

273

(2,400

)

(56

)

Loss from equity method investees, net of income taxes

(28,266

)

(941

)

(29,116

)

(2,018

)

Net loss

(72,227

)

(24,038

)

(144,868

)

(75,160

)

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

11

312

276

602

Net loss attributable to Green Plains

$

(72,238

)

$

(24,350

)

$

(145,144

)

$

(75,762

)

Earnings per share

Net loss attributable to Green Plains - basic and diluted

$

(1.09

)

$

(0.38

)

$

(2.22

)

$

(1.19

)

Weighted average shares outstanding

Basic and diluted

66,491

63,933

65,287

63,637

GREEN PLAINS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited, in thousands)

Six Months Ended

June 30,

2025

2024

Cash flows from operating activities

Net loss

$

(144,868

)

$

(75,160

)

Noncash operating adjustments

Depreciation and amortization

49,947

43,071

Loss on sale of assets

4,044

Impairment of assets held for sale

10,724

Inventory lower of cost or net realizable value adjustment

2,255

Stock-based compensation

11,123

6,591

Loss from equity method investees, net of income taxes

29,116

2,018

Other

8,830

2,627

Net change in working capital

32,583

(44,864

)

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

3,754

(65,717

)

Cash flows from investing activities

Purchases of property and equipment, net

(27,853

)

(39,484

)

Proceeds from the sale of assets

421

Investment in equity method investees, net

(4,909

)

(16,023

)

Net cash used in investing activities

(32,341

)

(55,507

)

Cash flows from financing activities

Net payments - long term debt

(962

)

(7,849

)

Net proceeds (payments) - short-term borrowings

(60,962

)

18,199

Net proceeds from product financing arrangement

37,146

Payments on extinguishment of non-controlling interest

(29,196

)

Payments of transaction costs

(5,951

)

Other

(3,310

)

(7,647

)

Net cash used in financing activities

(28,088

)

(32,444

)

Net change in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash

(56,675

)

(153,668

)

Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period

209,395

378,762

Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period

$

152,720

$

225,094

Reconciliation of total cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash

Cash and cash equivalents

$

108,624

$

195,554

Restricted cash

44,096

29,540

Total cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash

$

152,720

$

225,094

GREEN PLAINS INC.

RECONCILIATIONS TO NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

(unaudited, in thousands)

Three Months Ended

June 30,

Six Months Ended

June 30,

2025

2024

2025

2024

Net loss

$

(72,227

)

$

(24,038

)

$

(144,868

)

$

(75,160

)

Interest expense

13,899

7,494

22,812

15,280

Income tax expense (benefit), net of equity method income tax benefit

1,885

(273

)

1,720

56

Depreciation and amortization (1)

27,560

21,584

49,947

43,071

EBITDA

(28,883

)

4,767

(70,389

)

(16,753

)

Restructuring costs

2,520

19,106

Loss on sale of assets

4,044

4,044

Impairment of assets held for sale

10,724

10,724

Loss on sale of equity method investment

26,987

26,987

Proportional share of EBITDA adjustments to equity method investees

1,050

271

1,828

316

Adjusted EBITDA

$

16,442

$

5,038

$

(7,700

)

$

(16,437

)

(1) Excludes amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets and amortization of debt issuance costs.

Green Plains Inc. Contact

Investor Relations | 402.884.8700 | [email protected]

Source: Green Plains Inc.

Green Plains

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