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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): July 29, 2025 (July 28, 2025)

UNION PACIFIC CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (402) 544-5000

N/A

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Agreement and Plan of Merger

On July 28, 2025, Union Pacific Corporation (Union Pacific or the Company), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the Merger Agreement), by and among Union Pacific, Norfolk Southern Corporation, a Virginia corporation (Norfolk Southern), Ruby Merger Sub 1 Corporation, a Virginia corporation and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Union Pacific (Merger Sub 1) and Ruby Merger Sub 2 LLC, a Virginia limited liability company and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Union Pacific (Merger Sub 2 and, together with Merger Sub 1, Merger Subs). Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions specified therein, (i) Merger Sub 1 will merge with and into Norfolk Southern (the First Merger), with Norfolk Southern surviving the First Merger as a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Union Pacific, and (ii) immediately thereafter, Norfolk Southern will merge with and into Merger Sub 2 (the Second Merger and, together with the First Merger, the Mergers), with Merger Sub 2 surviving the Second Merger as a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Union Pacific.

Union Pacific’s Board of Directors (the Company Board) has unanimously approved the Merger Agreement and resolved to recommend that Union Pacific’s shareholders approve the issuance of Union Pacific Common Stock in the First Merger.

Merger Consideration

At the effective time of the First Merger, each share of common stock, par value $1.00 per share, of Norfolk Southern (Norfolk Southern Common Stock) issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the First Merger, other than shares held by Union Pacific or Norfolk Southern, or their direct or indirect subsidiaries, will be converted automatically into the right to receive (i) one (1) share of common stock, par value $2.50 per share, of Union Pacific (Union Pacific Common Stock or Company Common Stock) (the Share Consideration) and (ii) $88.82 in cash, without interest (the Cash Consideration and, together with the Share Consideration, the Merger Consideration).

Treatment of Norfolk Southern Equity Awards

The Merger Agreement also provides that (i) each outstanding Norfolk Southern compensatory stock option will be converted into a Union Pacific compensatory stock option based on the Merger Consideration, (ii) each outstanding Norfolk Southern restricted stock unit (Norfolk Southern RSU) that is vested or becomes vested at the effective time of the First Merger will be converted into the right to receive an amount in cash based on the Merger Consideration, (iii) each other outstanding Norfolk Southern RSU will be converted based on the Merger Consideration into a Union Pacific stock unit award, which will otherwise continue to be subject to the same terms and conditions applicable to such award, and (iv) each outstanding Norfolk Southern performance stock unit will be converted based on the Merger Consideration into a Union Pacific stock unit award (with any applicable performance goals being deemed achieved at the greater of the target level of performance and the actual level of performance), which will otherwise continue to be subject to the same terms and conditions applicable to such award (including service-based vesting but excluding performance-based vesting conditions).

Governance

At the effective time of the Mergers, the parties will take all actions to designate and appoint three directors of Norfolk Southern (the Norfolk Southern Designees) to become members of the Company Board. The Norfolk Southern Designees will be designated by the Company Board, but will include the current Chief Executive Officer of Norfolk Southern and the current Chair of Norfolk Southern, who are expected to join the Company Board after completing the Company’s corporate governance process.

Closing Conditions

The completion of the Mergers is subject to customary closing conditions, including (1) the approval of the Merger Agreement by a majority of the votes cast by holders of Norfolk Southern Common Stock, (2) the approval of the issuance of shares of Company Common Stock to be issued in the First Merger by a majority of the votes cast by the holders of outstanding shares of Company Common Stock, (3) the receipt of the required regulatory approvals, including approval by the Surface Transportation Board (and in the case of the Company’s obligation to consummate the Mergers, without resulting in certain other effects as specified in the Merger Agreement), (4) the absence of any injunction or order by any court or other governmental entity prohibiting or making illegal the Mergers (and in the case of the Company’s obligation to consummate the Mergers, without resulting in certain other effects as specified in the Merger Agreement), (5) the effectiveness of the registration statement on Form S-4 pursuant to which shares of Company Common Stock to be issued in the First Merger will be registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), (6) the shares of Company Common Stock to be issued in the First Merger being approved for listing on the NYSE, (7) the accuracy of each party’s representations and warranties, subject to certain materiality qualifiers set forth in the Merger Agreement, (8) compliance in all material respects with each party’s obligations under the Merger Agreement, and (9) the absence of a material adverse effect with respect to each of Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern.

Termination and Fees

The Merger Agreement may be terminated under certain customary circumstances, including by either Union Pacific or Norfolk Southern if the Mergers are not completed by January 28, 2028 (the End Date), which will be automatically extended under certain circumstances. The Merger Agreement also provides for certain termination rights for each of the Union Pacific or Norfolk Southern, and that, upon termination of the Merger Agreement under certain specified circumstances related to the failure to obtain regulatory approvals, Union Pacific would be required to pay a termination fee of $2.5 billion in cash to Norfolk Southern.

In addition, the Merger Agreement provides that each of Norfolk Southern and Union Pacific would be required to pay the other a termination fee of $2.5 billion in cash upon termination of the Merger Agreement under specified circumstances relating to changes of recommendation by the board of directors of such party or alternative business combination proposals.

Other Terms of the Merger Agreement

The Merger Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants made by each of Union Pacific, the Merger Subs, and Norfolk Southern, including, among others, covenants (a) to conduct of its business during the interim period between the date of the Merger Agreement and the effective time of the Mergers, (b) to call a meeting of its shareholders to approve, in the case of Norfolk Southern, the Merger Agreement and, in the case of the Company, the issuance of shares of Company Common Stock in the First Merger and, subject to certain exceptions, to recommend that their respective shareholders approve such proposals and (c) certain non-solicitation obligations related to alternative business combination proposals. The parties anticipate that Union Pacific will file an initial registration statement on Form S-4, containing a preliminary joint proxy statement of the parties and a preliminary prospectus of Union Pacific, within 60 days of the date of the Merger Agreement, consistent with the parties’ requirements in the merger agreement.

In connection with the consummation of the Mergers, Norfolk Southern Common Stock will be delisted from the NYSE and deregistered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

The foregoing description of the Merger Agreement, the Mergers and the transactions contemplated thereby does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Merger Agreement, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 2.1 and incorporated herein by reference. A copy of the Merger Agreement has been included to provide Union Pacific shareholders and other security holders with information regarding its terms and is not intended to provide any factual information about Union Pacific, Merger Subs, Norfolk Southern or their respective affiliates.

The representations, warranties and covenants contained in the Merger Agreement have been made solely for the purposes of the Merger Agreement and as of specific dates; were made solely for the benefit of the parties to the Merger Agreement; are not intended as statements of fact to be relied upon by Union Pacific shareholders or other security holders, but rather as a way of allocating the risk between the parties in the event the statements therein prove to be inaccurate; have been modified or qualified by certain confidential disclosures that were made between the parties in connection with the negotiation of the Merger Agreement, which disclosures are not reflected in the Merger Agreement itself; may no longer be true as of a given date; and may apply standards of materiality in a way that is different from what may be viewed as material by Union Pacific shareholders or other security holders. Union Pacific shareholders and other security holders are not third-party beneficiaries under the Merger Agreement and should not rely on the representations, warranties and covenants or any descriptions thereof as characterizations of the actual state of facts or condition of Union Pacific, Merger Subs, Norfolk Southern or their respective affiliates. Moreover, information concerning the subject matter of the representations and warranties may change after the date of the Merger Agreement, which subsequent information may or may not be fully reflected in Union Pacific’s public disclosures. Union Pacific acknowledges that, notwithstanding the inclusion of the foregoing cautionary statements, it is responsible for considering whether additional specific disclosures of material information regarding material contractual provisions are required to make the statements in this Form 8-K not misleading. The Merger Agreement should not be read alone but should instead be read in conjunction with the other information regarding the Merger Agreement, the Mergers, Union Pacific, Merger Subs, Norfolk Southern, their respective affiliates and their respective businesses, that will be contained in, or incorporated by reference into, the Registration Statement on Form S-4 that Union Pacific will file, as well as in the Forms 10-K, Forms 10-Q, Forms 8-K and other filings that Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern may make with the SEC.

(d)  Exhibits.

NO OFFER OR SOLICITATION

This communication is for informational purposes only and does not constitute, or form a part of, an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities or a solicitation of any vote or approval, nor shall there be any sale of securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such jurisdiction. No offer of securities shall be made except by means of a prospectus meeting the requirements of Section 10 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and otherwise in accordance with applicable law.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this communication are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. These statements relate to future events or future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause Union Pacific’s, Norfolk Southern’s or the combined company’s actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements or those of the railroad industry to be materially different from those expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements. In some cases, forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words like “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “project,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “pro forma,” or any variations or other comparable terminology.

While Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern have based these forward-looking statements on those expectations, assumptions, estimates, beliefs and projections they view as reasonable, such forward-looking statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which involve factors or circumstances that are beyond Union Pacific’s, Norfolk Southern’s or the combined company’s control, including but not limited to, in addition to factors disclosed in Union Pacific’s and Norfolk Southern’s respective filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”): the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstance that could give rise to the right of one or both of the parties to terminate the definitive merger agreement between Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern providing for the acquisition of Norfolk Southern by Union Pacific (the “Transaction”); the risk that potential legal proceedings may be instituted against Union Pacific or Norfolk Southern and result in significant costs of defense, indemnification or liability; the possibility that the Transaction does not close when expected or at all because required Surface Transportation Board, shareholder or other approvals and other conditions to closing are not received or satisfied on a timely basis or at all (and the risk that such approvals may result in the imposition of conditions that could adversely affect the combined company or the expected benefits of the Transaction); the risk that the combined company will not realize expected benefits, cost savings, accretion, synergies and/or growth from the Transaction, or that such benefits may take longer to realize or be more costly to achieve than expected, including as a result of changes in, or problems arising from, general economic and market conditions, tariffs, interest and exchange rates, monetary policy, laws and regulations and their enforcement, and the degree of competition in the geographic and business areas in which Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern operate; disruption to the parties’ businesses as a result of the announcement and pendency of the Transaction; the costs associated with the anticipated length of time of the pendency of the Transaction, including the restrictions contained in the definitive merger agreement on the ability of Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern, respectively, to operate their respective businesses outside the ordinary course during the pendency of the Transaction; the diversion of Union Pacific’s and Norfolk Southern’s management’s attention and time from ongoing business operations and opportunities on merger-related matters; the risk that the integration of each party’s operations will be materially delayed or will be more costly or difficult than expected or that the parties are otherwise unable to successfully integrate each party’s businesses into the other’s businesses; the possibility that the Transaction may be more expensive to complete than anticipated, including as a result of unexpected factors or events; reputational risk and potential adverse reactions of Union Pacific’s or Norfolk Southern’s customers, suppliers, employees, labor unions or other business partners, including those resulting from the announcement or completion of the Transaction; the dilution caused by Union Pacific’s issuance of additional shares of its common stock in connection with the consummation of the Transaction; the risk of a downgrade of the credit rating of Union Pacific’s indebtedness, which could give rise to an obligation to redeem existing indebtedness; a material adverse change in the financial condition of Union Pacific, Norfolk Southern or the combined company; changes in domestic or international economic, political or business conditions, including those impacting the transportation industry (including customers, employees and supply chains); Union Pacific’s, Norfolk Southern’s and the combined company’s ability to successfully implement its respective operational, productivity, and strategic initiatives; a significant adverse event on

Union Pacific’s or Norfolk Southern’s network, including, but not limited to, a mainline accident, discharge of hazardous materials, or climate-related or other network outage; the outcome of claims, litigation, governmental proceedings and investigations involving Union Pacific or Norfolk Southern, including, in the case of Norfolk Southern, those with respect to the Eastern Ohio incident; the nature and extent of Norfolk Southern’s environmental remediation obligations with respect to the Eastern Ohio incident; new or additional governmental regulation and/or operational changes resulting from or related to the Eastern Ohio incident; and a cybersecurity incident or other disruption to our technology infrastructure.

This list of important factors is not intended to be exhaustive. These and other important factors, including those discussed under “Risk Factors” in Norfolk Southern’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (available at: https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000702165/000070216525000008/nsc-20241231.htm) and Union Pacific’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on February 7, 2025 (available at: https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000100885/000010088525000042/unp-20241231.htm) (the “Union Pacific Annual Report”), as well as Union Pacific’s and Norfolk Southern’s subsequent filings with the SEC, may cause actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. References to Union Pacific’s and Norfolk Southern’s website are provided for convenience and, therefore, information on or available through the website is not, and should not be deemed to be, incorporated by reference herein. The forward-looking statements herein are made only as of the date they were first issued, and unless otherwise required by applicable securities laws, Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as may be required by applicable law or regulation.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE TRANSACTION AND WHERE TO FIND IT

In connection with the Transaction, Union Pacific intends to file with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-4 (the “Registration Statement”), which will include a prospectus with respect to the shares of Union Pacific’s common stock to be issued in the Transaction and a joint proxy statement for Union Pacific’s and Norfolk Southern’s respective shareholders (the “Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus”). The definitive joint proxy statement (if and when available) will be mailed to shareholders of Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern. Each of Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern may also file with or furnish to the SEC other relevant documents regarding the Transaction. This communication is not a substitute for the Registration Statement, the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus or any other document that Union Pacific or Norfolk Southern may mail to their respective shareholders in connection with the Transaction.

INVESTORS AND SECURITY HOLDERS OF UNION PACIFIC AND NORFOLK SOUTHERN ARE URGED TO READ THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT AND THE JOINT PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS INCLUDED WITHIN THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT WHEN THEY BECOME AVAILABLE, AS WELL AS ANY OTHER RELEVANT DOCUMENTS FILED WITH THE SEC IN CONNECTION WITH THE TRANSACTION OR INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE INTO THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT AND THE JOINT PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS (INCLUDING ANY AMENDMENTS OR SUPPLEMENTS THERETO), BECAUSE THEY WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING UNION PACIFIC, NORFOLK SOUTHERN, THE TRANSACTION AND RELATED MATTERS.

Investors and security holders of Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern may obtain free copies of these documents and other documents filed with the SEC by Union Pacific or Norfolk Southern through the website maintained by the SEC at http://www.sec.gov or from Union Pacific at its

website, https://investor.unionpacific.com/financials/sec-filings, or from Norfolk Southern at its website, https://norfolksouthern.investorroom.com/sec-filings. Documents filed with the SEC by Union Pacific will be available free of charge by accessing Union Pacific’s website at https://investor.unionpacific.com/financials/sec-filings, or alternatively by directing a request by mail to Union Pacific’s Corporate Secretary, 1400 Douglas Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68179, and documents filed with the SEC by Norfolk Southern will be available free of charge by accessing Norfolk Southern’s website at https://investor.unionpacific.com/financials/sec-filings or, alternatively, by directing a request by mail to Norfolk Southern’s Corporate Secretary, 650 West Peachtree Street NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30308-1925.

PARTICIPANTS IN THE SOLICITATION

Union Pacific, Norfolk Southern and certain of their respective directors and executive officers may be deemed to be participants in the solicitation of proxies from the shareholders of Norfolk Southern and Union Pacific in connection with the Transaction under the rules of the SEC.

Information about the interests of the directors and executive officers of Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern and other persons who may be deemed to be participants in the solicitation of shareholders of Union Pacific and Norfolk Southern in connection with the Transaction and a description of their direct and indirect interests, by security holdings or otherwise, will be included in the Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus, which will be filed with the SEC.

Information about the directors and executive officers of Union Pacific and their ownership of Union Pacific common stock can also be found in the Union Pacific Annual Report, and its definitive proxy statement in connection with its 2025 annual meeting of shareholders, as filed with the SEC on March 25, 2025 (the “Union Pacific 2025 Proxy Statement”) and other documents subsequently filed by Union Pacific with the SEC, which are available on its website at www.up.com. Information about the directors and executive officers of Union Pacific, their ownership of Union Pacific common stock, and Union Pacific’s transactions with related persons is set forth in in the sections entitled “Proposal Number 1 – Election of Directors—Directors/Nominees”, “Director Compensation in Fiscal Year 2024”, “Proposal Number 3 – Advisory Vote to Approve Executive Compensation”, “A Letter From Our Compensation and Talent Committee” and “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” of the Union Pacific 2025 Proxy Statement. To the extent holdings of Union Pacific common stock by the directors and executive officers of Union Pacific have changed from the amounts of Union Pacific common stock held by such persons as reflected therein, such changes have been or will be reflected on Statements of Change in Ownership on Form 4 filed with the SEC, which are available at https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=100885&owner=exclude under the tab “Ownership Disclosures”.

Information about the directors and executive officers of Norfolk Southern and their ownership of Norfolk Southern common stock is also set forth in the definitive proxy statement for Norfolk Southern’s 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, as filed with the SEC on Schedule 14A on March 28, 2025 (which is available at https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000702165/000119312525066914/d892357ddef14a.htm) and other documents subsequently filed by Norfolk Southern with the SEC. Information about the directors and executive officers of Norfolk Southern, their ownership of Norfolk Southern common stock, and Norfolk Southern’s transactions with related persons is set forth in the sections entitled “Norfolk Southern Director Nominees”, “Corporate Governance and the Board—Item 1: Election of 13 Directors for a One-Year Term”, “Corporate Governance and the Board—Director Nominees”, Corporate Governance and the Board—Compensation of Directors”, “Executive Compensation” and “Stock Ownership Information” of such definitive proxy statement. Please also refer to Norfolk Southern’s subsequent Current Report, as filed with the SEC on Form 8-K on June 3, 2025 (which is available at

https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000702165/000119312525133796/d35291d8k.htm), regarding subsequent changes to Norfolk Southern’s Board of Directors following the filing of such definitive proxy statement. To the extent holdings of Norfolk Southern common stock by the directors and executive officers of Norfolk Southern have changed from the amounts of Norfolk Southern common stock held by such persons as reflected in the definitive proxy statement, such changes have been or will be reflected on Statements of Change in Ownership on Form 4 filed with the SEC, which are available at https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=702165&owner=exclude under the tab “Ownership Disclosures”.

Free copies of these documents may be obtained as described above.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

Dated: July 29, 2025