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STOCK TITAN

[FWP] Morgan Stanley Free Writing Prospectus

Filing Impact
(No impact)
Filing Sentiment
(Neutral)
Form Type
FWP
Rhea-AI Filing Summary

DSS, Inc. (NYSE American: DSS) disclosed in an 8-K filed on July 1, 2025 that it dismissed Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C. as its independent registered public accounting firm, effective June 27, 2025. The Board of Directors approved the decision and, on the same date, appointed HTL International, LLC as the new auditor.

The company states that, for the engagement period from July 1, 2022 through June 27, 2025, there were no disagreements with Grassi concerning accounting principles, financial-statement disclosures, or audit scope and procedures that would have required reference in Grassi’s reports. DSS also confirms that, during the last two fiscal years and up to the engagement date, it did not consult HTL on any accounting matters or the type of audit opinion to be rendered, and there were no reportable events under Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.

Exhibit 16.1 will contain Grassi’s letter to the SEC confirming the disclosures. The change suggests a routine auditor transition rather than a reaction to a dispute, but investors may monitor the first audit cycle for any adjustments or restatements under the new firm.

DSS, Inc. (NYSE American: DSS) ha comunicato in un modulo 8-K presentato il 1° luglio 2025 di aver licenziato Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C. come suo revisore contabile indipendente, con effetto dal 27 giugno 2025. Il Consiglio di Amministrazione ha approvato questa decisione e, nella stessa data, ha nominato HTL International, LLC come nuovo revisore.

³¢â€™azienda dichiara che, per il periodo di incarico dal 1° luglio 2022 al 27 giugno 2025, non ci sono stati disaccordi con Grassi riguardo ai principi contabili, alle informazioni nei bilanci o all’ambito e alle procedure di revisione che avrebbero richiesto una menzione nei rapporti di Grassi. DSS conferma inoltre che, negli ultimi due esercizi finanziari e fino alla data dell’incarico, non ha consultato HTL su questioni contabili o sul tipo di opinione di revisione da esprimere, e non sono stati segnalati eventi rilevanti ai sensi del punto 304(a)(1)(v) del Regolamento S-K.

³¢â€�Allegato 16.1 conterrà la lettera di Grassi alla SEC che conferma queste comunicazioni. Il cambiamento sembra indicare una transizione di revisore di routine piuttosto che una reazione a una controversia, ma gli investitori potrebbero monitorare il primo ciclo di revisione per eventuali rettifiche o riformulazioni sotto la nuova società.

DSS, Inc. (NYSE American: DSS) informó en un formulario 8-K presentado el 1 de julio de 2025 que despidió a Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C. como su firma independiente de contabilidad pública registrada, con efecto desde el 27 de junio de 2025. La Junta Directiva aprobó la decisión y, en la misma fecha, designó a HTL International, LLC como nuevo auditor.

La empresa declara que, durante el período de compromiso del 1 de julio de 2022 al 27 de junio de 2025, no hubo desacuerdos con Grassi respecto a principios contables, divulgaciones en estados financieros o el alcance y procedimientos de auditoría que requirieran referencia en los informes de Grassi. DSS también confirma que, durante los últimos dos años fiscales hasta la fecha del compromiso, no consultó a HTL sobre asuntos contables ni sobre el tipo de opinión de auditoría a emitir, y no hubo eventos reportables bajo el ítem 304(a)(1)(v) del Reglamento S-K.

El Anexo 16.1 contendrá la carta de Grassi a la SEC confirmando estas divulgaciones. El cambio sugiere una transición rutinaria de auditor en lugar de una reacción a una disputa, pero los inversionistas podrían monitorear el primer ciclo de auditoría para detectar ajustes o reexpresiones bajo la nueva firma.

DSS, Inc. (NYSE American: DSS)ëŠ� 2025ë…� 7ì›� 1ì� 제출í•� 8-K 문서ì—서 2025ë…� 6ì›� 27ì¼ë¶€ë¡� ë…립 ë“±ë¡ ê³µì¸íšŒê³„법ì¸ì� Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C.ë¥� 해임했다ê³� 공시했습니다. ì´ì‚¬íšŒëŠ” ì� ê²°ì •ì� 승ì¸í–ˆìœ¼ë©�, ê°™ì€ ë‚� HTL International, LLCë¥� 새로ìš� ê°ì‚¬ì¸ìœ¼ë¡� 선임했습니다.

회사ëŠ� 2022ë…� 7ì›� 1ì¼ë¶€í„� 2025ë…� 6ì›� 27ì¼ê¹Œì§€ì� 계약 기간 ë™ì•ˆ Grassi와 회계 ì›ì¹™, 재무제표 공시, ê°ì‚¬ 범위 ë°� 절차ì—� ê´€í•� ì´ê²¬ì� 없었ë‹�ê³� ë°í˜”습니ë‹�. ë˜í•œ DSSëŠ� 최근 2ê°� íšŒê³„ì—°ë„ ë°� 계약ì� 현재까지 HTLê³� 회계 ê´€ë � 사항ì´ë‚˜ ê°ì‚¬ ì˜ê²¬ 유형ì—� 대í•� ìƒë‹´í•� ì ì´ 없으ë©�, Regulation S-Kì� 항목 304(a)(1)(v)ì—� 따른 ë³´ê³  대ìƒ� 사건ë� 없었다고 확ì¸í–ˆìŠµë‹ˆë‹¤.

첨부문서 16.1ì—는 SECì—� 제출ë� Grassiì� 확ì¸ì„œê°€ í¬í•¨ë� 예정입니ë‹�. ì´ë²ˆ ë³€ê²½ì€ ë¶„ìŸì—� 대í•� 대ì‘보다는 ì¼ìƒì ì¸ ê°ì‚¬ì� êµì²´ë¡� ë³´ì´ë‚�, 투ìžìžë“¤ì€ 새로ìš� ê°ì‚¬ì¸ì˜ ì²� ê°ì‚¬ 주기ì—서 ì¡°ì •ì´ë‚˜ 재작ì„� 가능성ì� 주시í•� ìˆ� 있습니다.

DSS, Inc. (NYSE American : DSS) a annoncé dans un formulaire 8-K déposé le 1er juillet 2025 qu’elle avait renvoyé Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C. en tant que cabinet d’audit indépendant enregistré, avec effet au 27 juin 2025. Le conseil d’administration a approuvé cette décision et, à la même date, a nommé HTL International, LLC en tant que nouvel auditeur.

La société indique que, pour la période d’engagement du 1er juillet 2022 au 27 juin 2025, il n’y a eu aucun désaccord avec Grassi concernant les principes comptables, les informations des états financiers ou la portée et les procédures d’audit qui auraient nécessité une mention dans les rapports de Grassi. DSS confirme également que, au cours des deux derniers exercices et jusqu’� la date de l’engagement, elle n’a pas consulté HTL sur des questions comptables ou sur le type d’opinion d’audit à émettre, et qu’aucun événement à déclarer selon l’article 304(a)(1)(v) du règlement S-K n’a eu lieu.

³¢â€�exhibit 16.1 contiendra la lettre de Grassi adressée à la SEC confirmant ces divulgations. Ce changement suggère une transition d’auditeur de routine plutôt qu’une réaction à un différend, mais les investisseurs pourraient surveiller le premier cycle d’audit pour d’éventuels ajustements ou retraitements sous la nouvelle société.

DSS, Inc. (NYSE American: DSS) gab in einem am 1. Juli 2025 eingereichten Formular 8-K bekannt, dass es Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C. als unabhängige eingetragene Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft mit Wirkung zum 27. Juni 2025 entlassen hat. Der Vorstand genehmigte die Entscheidung und ernannte am selben Tag HTL International, LLC als neuen Prüfer.

Das Unternehmen erklärt, dass es im Zeitraum vom 1. Juli 2022 bis zum 27. Juni 2025 keine Meinungsverschiedenheiten mit Grassi bezüglich Rechnungslegungsgrundsätzen, Angaben in den Finanzberichten oder Prüfungsumfang und -verfahren gab, die in Grassis Berichten erwähnt werden müssten. DSS bestätigt außerdem, dass es in den letzten zwei Geschäftsjahren bis zum Beauftragungsdatum keine Beratung mit HTL zu buchhalterischen Fragen oder der Art des zu erteilenden Prüfungsurteils gab und keine meldepflichtigen Ereignisse gemäß Punkt 304(a)(1)(v) der Regulation S-K vorlagen.

Die Anlage 16.1 wird Grassis Schreiben an die SEC mit der Bestätigung der Angaben enthalten. Der Wechsel deutet auf einen routinemäßigen Prüferwechsel hin und nicht auf eine Reaktion auf einen Streitfall, jedoch könnten Investoren den ersten Prüfungszyklus unter der neuen Gesellschaft auf Anpassungen oder Neubewertungen beobachten.

Positive
  • No reported disagreements with outgoing auditor Grassi, reducing likelihood of prior misstatements.
  • Board-approved transition demonstrates adherence to governance and SEC disclosure requirements.
  • Fresh auditor perspective from HTL may improve audit quality or identify efficiencies.
Negative
  • Auditor turnover can introduce uncertainty and requires investor monitoring of HT³¢â€™s inaugural audit.
  • Company did not consult HTL on accounting matters before engagement, potentially lengthening initial audit timeline.

Insights

TL;DR: Auditor switch appears routine; monitor transition but no stated disagreements or restatement risk.

The absence of disagreements with Grassi limits immediate accounting risk, and board approval indicates procedural compliance. However, switching auditors can signal higher audit-fee pressure or evolving corporate strategy, introducing moderate uncertainty until HTL delivers its first opinion. Because DSS did not consult HTL beforehand, initial fieldwork could surface scope changes. Overall impact on valuation is neutral unless future filings reveal issues.

TL;DR: Governance impact is limited; board-sanctioned auditor change with standard SEC Exhibit 16.1.

Regulatory protocol was followed: Item 4.01 disclosure, explicit statement of no disagreements, and forthcoming auditor acknowledgment letter. Such transparency aligns with good governance practices. Nonetheless, investors should track auditor tenure—frequent replacements can raise red flags—and evaluate HT³¢â€™s reputation and capacity given DSS’s multi-segment operations.

DSS, Inc. (NYSE American: DSS) ha comunicato in un modulo 8-K presentato il 1° luglio 2025 di aver licenziato Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C. come suo revisore contabile indipendente, con effetto dal 27 giugno 2025. Il Consiglio di Amministrazione ha approvato questa decisione e, nella stessa data, ha nominato HTL International, LLC come nuovo revisore.

³¢â€™azienda dichiara che, per il periodo di incarico dal 1° luglio 2022 al 27 giugno 2025, non ci sono stati disaccordi con Grassi riguardo ai principi contabili, alle informazioni nei bilanci o all’ambito e alle procedure di revisione che avrebbero richiesto una menzione nei rapporti di Grassi. DSS conferma inoltre che, negli ultimi due esercizi finanziari e fino alla data dell’incarico, non ha consultato HTL su questioni contabili o sul tipo di opinione di revisione da esprimere, e non sono stati segnalati eventi rilevanti ai sensi del punto 304(a)(1)(v) del Regolamento S-K.

³¢â€�Allegato 16.1 conterrà la lettera di Grassi alla SEC che conferma queste comunicazioni. Il cambiamento sembra indicare una transizione di revisore di routine piuttosto che una reazione a una controversia, ma gli investitori potrebbero monitorare il primo ciclo di revisione per eventuali rettifiche o riformulazioni sotto la nuova società.

DSS, Inc. (NYSE American: DSS) informó en un formulario 8-K presentado el 1 de julio de 2025 que despidió a Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C. como su firma independiente de contabilidad pública registrada, con efecto desde el 27 de junio de 2025. La Junta Directiva aprobó la decisión y, en la misma fecha, designó a HTL International, LLC como nuevo auditor.

La empresa declara que, durante el período de compromiso del 1 de julio de 2022 al 27 de junio de 2025, no hubo desacuerdos con Grassi respecto a principios contables, divulgaciones en estados financieros o el alcance y procedimientos de auditoría que requirieran referencia en los informes de Grassi. DSS también confirma que, durante los últimos dos años fiscales hasta la fecha del compromiso, no consultó a HTL sobre asuntos contables ni sobre el tipo de opinión de auditoría a emitir, y no hubo eventos reportables bajo el ítem 304(a)(1)(v) del Reglamento S-K.

El Anexo 16.1 contendrá la carta de Grassi a la SEC confirmando estas divulgaciones. El cambio sugiere una transición rutinaria de auditor en lugar de una reacción a una disputa, pero los inversionistas podrían monitorear el primer ciclo de auditoría para detectar ajustes o reexpresiones bajo la nueva firma.

DSS, Inc. (NYSE American: DSS)ëŠ� 2025ë…� 7ì›� 1ì� 제출í•� 8-K 문서ì—서 2025ë…� 6ì›� 27ì¼ë¶€ë¡� ë…립 ë“±ë¡ ê³µì¸íšŒê³„법ì¸ì� Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C.ë¥� 해임했다ê³� 공시했습니다. ì´ì‚¬íšŒëŠ” ì� ê²°ì •ì� 승ì¸í–ˆìœ¼ë©�, ê°™ì€ ë‚� HTL International, LLCë¥� 새로ìš� ê°ì‚¬ì¸ìœ¼ë¡� 선임했습니다.

회사ëŠ� 2022ë…� 7ì›� 1ì¼ë¶€í„� 2025ë…� 6ì›� 27ì¼ê¹Œì§€ì� 계약 기간 ë™ì•ˆ Grassi와 회계 ì›ì¹™, 재무제표 공시, ê°ì‚¬ 범위 ë°� 절차ì—� ê´€í•� ì´ê²¬ì� 없었ë‹�ê³� ë°í˜”습니ë‹�. ë˜í•œ DSSëŠ� 최근 2ê°� íšŒê³„ì—°ë„ ë°� 계약ì� 현재까지 HTLê³� 회계 ê´€ë � 사항ì´ë‚˜ ê°ì‚¬ ì˜ê²¬ 유형ì—� 대í•� ìƒë‹´í•� ì ì´ 없으ë©�, Regulation S-Kì� 항목 304(a)(1)(v)ì—� 따른 ë³´ê³  대ìƒ� 사건ë� 없었다고 확ì¸í–ˆìŠµë‹ˆë‹¤.

첨부문서 16.1ì—는 SECì—� 제출ë� Grassiì� 확ì¸ì„œê°€ í¬í•¨ë� 예정입니ë‹�. ì´ë²ˆ ë³€ê²½ì€ ë¶„ìŸì—� 대í•� 대ì‘보다는 ì¼ìƒì ì¸ ê°ì‚¬ì� êµì²´ë¡� ë³´ì´ë‚�, 투ìžìžë“¤ì€ 새로ìš� ê°ì‚¬ì¸ì˜ ì²� ê°ì‚¬ 주기ì—서 ì¡°ì •ì´ë‚˜ 재작ì„� 가능성ì� 주시í•� ìˆ� 있습니다.

DSS, Inc. (NYSE American : DSS) a annoncé dans un formulaire 8-K déposé le 1er juillet 2025 qu’elle avait renvoyé Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C. en tant que cabinet d’audit indépendant enregistré, avec effet au 27 juin 2025. Le conseil d’administration a approuvé cette décision et, à la même date, a nommé HTL International, LLC en tant que nouvel auditeur.

La société indique que, pour la période d’engagement du 1er juillet 2022 au 27 juin 2025, il n’y a eu aucun désaccord avec Grassi concernant les principes comptables, les informations des états financiers ou la portée et les procédures d’audit qui auraient nécessité une mention dans les rapports de Grassi. DSS confirme également que, au cours des deux derniers exercices et jusqu’� la date de l’engagement, elle n’a pas consulté HTL sur des questions comptables ou sur le type d’opinion d’audit à émettre, et qu’aucun événement à déclarer selon l’article 304(a)(1)(v) du règlement S-K n’a eu lieu.

³¢â€�exhibit 16.1 contiendra la lettre de Grassi adressée à la SEC confirmant ces divulgations. Ce changement suggère une transition d’auditeur de routine plutôt qu’une réaction à un différend, mais les investisseurs pourraient surveiller le premier cycle d’audit pour d’éventuels ajustements ou retraitements sous la nouvelle société.

DSS, Inc. (NYSE American: DSS) gab in einem am 1. Juli 2025 eingereichten Formular 8-K bekannt, dass es Grassi & Co., CPAs, P.C. als unabhängige eingetragene Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft mit Wirkung zum 27. Juni 2025 entlassen hat. Der Vorstand genehmigte die Entscheidung und ernannte am selben Tag HTL International, LLC als neuen Prüfer.

Das Unternehmen erklärt, dass es im Zeitraum vom 1. Juli 2022 bis zum 27. Juni 2025 keine Meinungsverschiedenheiten mit Grassi bezüglich Rechnungslegungsgrundsätzen, Angaben in den Finanzberichten oder Prüfungsumfang und -verfahren gab, die in Grassis Berichten erwähnt werden müssten. DSS bestätigt außerdem, dass es in den letzten zwei Geschäftsjahren bis zum Beauftragungsdatum keine Beratung mit HTL zu buchhalterischen Fragen oder der Art des zu erteilenden Prüfungsurteils gab und keine meldepflichtigen Ereignisse gemäß Punkt 304(a)(1)(v) der Regulation S-K vorlagen.

Die Anlage 16.1 wird Grassis Schreiben an die SEC mit der Bestätigung der Angaben enthalten. Der Wechsel deutet auf einen routinemäßigen Prüferwechsel hin und nicht auf eine Reaktion auf einen Streitfall, jedoch könnten Investoren den ersten Prüfungszyklus unter der neuen Gesellschaft auf Anpassungen oder Neubewertungen beobachten.

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC

Structured Investments

Free Writing Prospectus to Preliminary Pricing Supplement No. 9,194

Filed pursuant to Rule 433

Registration Statement Nos. 333-275587; 333-275587-01

July 1, 2025

 

Market Linked Securities—Auto-Callable with Contingent Coupon and Contingent Downside

Principal at Risk Securities Linked to the Lowest Performing of the S&P 500® Index, the Russell 2000® Index and the Nasdaq-100 Index® due January 28, 2027

Fully and Unconditionally Guaranteed by Morgan Stanley


Summary of terms

Issuer and guarantor

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC (issuer) and Morgan Stanley (guarantor)

Underlyings

S&P 500® Index (the “SPX Index”), Russell 2000® Index (the “RTY Index”) and the Nasdaq-100 Index® (the “NDX Index”)

Pricing date*

July 31, 2025

Original issue date*

August 5, 2025

Face amount

$1,000 per security

Contingent coupon payments

On each contingent coupon payment date, you will receive a contingent coupon payment at a per annum rate equal to the contingent coupon rate if, and only if, the closing level of the lowest performing underlying on the related calculation day is greater than or equal to its coupon threshold level. Each “contingent coupon payment”, if any, will be calculated per security as follows: ($1,000 × contingent coupon rate) / 12.

Contingent coupon rate

At least 10.00% per annum, to be determined on the pricing date

Automatic call

If, on any calculation day (other than the final calculation day), beginning in January 2026, the closing level of each underlying is greater than or equal to its respective starting level, the securities will be automatically called for a cash payment per security equal to the face amount plus a final contingent coupon payment on the related call settlement date.

Calculation days

Monthly, on the 24th of each month, commencing in August 2025 and ending on the final calculation day. We also refer to the January 2027 calculation day as the final calculation day.

Contingent coupon payment dates

Three business days after the applicable calculation day; provided that the coupon payment date for the final calculation day is the maturity date.

Call settlement date

Three business days after the applicable calculation day.

Maturity payment amount (per security)

if the closing level of each underlying on the final calculation day is greater than or equal to its respective downside threshold level:

$1,000; or

if the closing level of any underlying on the final calculation day is less than its respective downside threshold level:

$1,000 × performance factor of the lowest performing underlying on the final calculation day

Maturity date*

January 28, 2027

Starting level

For each underlying, its closing level on the pricing date

Lowest performing underlying

On any calculation day, the underlying with the lowest performance factor on that calculation day

Performance factor

With respect to each underlying, on any calculation day, its closing level on such calculation day divided by its starting level

Coupon threshold level

75% of the starting level for each underlying

Downside threshold level

75% of the starting level for each underlying

Calculation agent

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, an affiliate of the issuer

Denominations

$1,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000

Agent discount**

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC will act as the agents for this offering. Wells Fargo Securities, LLC will receive a commission of up to $23.25 for each security it sells. Dealers, including Wells Fargo Advisors (“WFA”), may receive a selling concession of up to $15.00 per security, and WFA may receive a distribution expense fee of $0.75 for each security sold by WFA.

CUSIP

61778NFW6

Tax considerations

See preliminary pricing supplement

*Subject to change

** In addition, selected dealers may receive a fee of up to 0.10% for marketing and other services

 

Hypothetical payout profile (excluding contingent coupon payments)

If the securities are not automatically called prior to the maturity date and the closing level of any underlying on the final calculation day is less than its downside threshold level, you will lose more than 25%, and possibly all, of the face amount of your securities at the maturity date.

Any return on the securities will be limited to the sum of your contingent coupon payments, if any. You will not participate in any appreciation of any underlying, but you will have full downside exposure to the lowest performing underlying on the final calculation day if the closing level of that underlying on the final calculation day is less than its downside threshold level.

The face amount of each security is $1,000. This price includes costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the securities, which are borne by you, and, consequently, the estimated value of the securities on the pricing date will be less than $1,000 per security. We estimate that the value of each security on the pricing date will be approximately $981.70, or within $35.00 of that estimate. Our estimate of the value of the securities as determined on the pricing date will be set forth in the final pricing supplement. See “Investment Summary” and “Risk Factors” in the accompanying preliminary pricing supplement for further information.

This document provides a summary of the terms of the securities. Investors should carefully review the accompanying preliminary pricing supplement, product supplement for principal at risk securities, index supplement and prospectus before making a decision to invest in the securities.

Preliminary pricing supplement:
https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/895421/000183988225036363/ms9194_424b2-19802.htm


The securities have complex features and investing in the securities involves risks not associated with an investment in ordinary debt securities. See “Risk Factors” in the accompanying preliminary pricing supplement. All payments on the securities are subject to our credit risk.

This introductory term sheet does not provide all of the information that an investor should consider prior to making an investment decision.

The securities are not deposits or savings accounts and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency or instrumentality, nor are they obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.


 

Selected risk considerations

The risks set forth below are discussed in more detail in the “Risk Factors” section in the accompanying preliminary pricing supplement, product supplement for principal at risk securities, index supplement and prospectus. Please review those risk factors carefully.

Risks Relating to an Investment in the Securities

The securities do not guarantee the return of the face amount of your securities at maturity.

The securities do not provide for the regular payment of interest.

The contingent coupon payment, if any, is based on the value of each underlying on only the related monthly calculation day at the end of the related interest period.

Investors will not participate in any appreciation in any underlying.

The market price will be influenced by many unpredictable factors.

The securities are subject to our credit risk, and any actual or anticipated changes to our credit ratings or credit spreads may adversely affect the market value of the securities.

As a finance subsidiary, MSFL has no independent operations and will have no independent assets.

Investing in the securities is not equivalent to investing in the underlyings.

Reinvestment risk.

The rate we are willing to pay for securities of this type, maturity and issuance size is likely to be lower than the rate implied by our secondary market credit spreads and advantageous to us. Both the lower rate and the inclusion of costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the securities in the face amount reduce the economic terms of the securities, cause the estimated value of the securities to be less than the face amount and will adversely affect secondary market prices.

The estimated value of the securities is determined by reference to our pricing and valuation models, which may differ from those of other dealers and is not a maximum or minimum secondary market price.

The securities will not be listed on any securities exchange and secondary trading may be limited.

The calculation agent, which is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley and an affiliate of MSFL, will make determinations with respect to the securities.

Hedging and trading activity by our affiliates could potentially adversely affect the value of the securities.

The maturity date may be postponed if the final calculation day is postponed.

Potentially inconsistent research, opinions or recommendations by Morgan Stanley, MSFL, WFS or our or their respective affiliates.

The U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the securities are uncertain.

Risks Relating to the Underlyings

You are exposed to the price risk of each underlying.

Because the securities are linked to the performance of the lowest performing underlying, you are exposed to greater risks of receiving no contingent coupon payments and sustaining a significant loss on your investment than if the securities were linked to just one underlying.

The securities are linked to the Russell 2000® Index and are subject to risks associated with small-capitalization companies.

Adjustments to the underlyings could adversely affect the value of the securities.

Historical levels of the underlyings should not be taken as an indication of the future performance of the underlyings during the term of the securities.

 

For more information about the underlyings, including historical performance information, see the accompanying preliminary pricing supplement.

Morgan Stanley and MSFL have filed a registration statement (including a prospectus, as supplemented by the applicable product supplement and the index supplement) with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, for the offering to which this communication relates. You should read the prospectus in that registration statement, the applicable product supplement, the index supplement and any other documents relating to this offering that Morgan Stanley and MSFL have filed with the SEC for more complete information about Morgan Stanley, MSFL and this offering. You may get these documents without cost by visiting EDGAR on the SEC web site at.www.sec.gov. Alternatively, Morgan Stanley, MSFL, any underwriter or any dealer participating in the offering will arrange to send you the applicable product supplement, index supplement and prospectus if you so request by calling toll-free 1-(800)-584-6837.

Wells Fargo Advisors is a trade name used by Wells Fargo Clearing Services, LLC and Wells Fargo Advisors Financial Network, LLC, members SIPC, separate registered broker-dealers and non-bank affiliates of Wells Fargo Finance LLC and Wells Fargo & Company.

2

FAQ

Why did DSS (NYSE: DSS) change its independent auditor?

The Board dismissed Grassi & Co. and appointed HTL International effective June 27, 2025; no specific dispute was cited.

Were there any disagreements between DSS and the outgoing auditor?

No; DSS states there were no disagreements on accounting principles, disclosures, or audit scope.

Has DSS consulted the new auditor HTL on accounting matters before engagement?

DSS reports it has not consulted HTL on any transactions or audit opinions during the last two fiscal years.

What document confirms Grassi’s agreement with DSS’s disclosures?

Exhibit 16.1 � a letter from Grassi dated July 1, 2025, will be filed with the SEC.

Does the auditor change affect DSS’s emerging growth company status?

No; DSS is not classified as an emerging growth company in this filing.
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